Édouard Marie Herriot (; 5 July 1872 – 26 March 1957) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

(1924–1925; 1926; 1932) and twice as President of the

Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon R ...

. He led the first

Cartel des Gauches The Cartel of the Left (french: Cartel des gauches, ) was the name of the governmental alliance between the Radical-Socialist Party, the socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), and other smaller left-republican parties that ...

. Under the Fourth Republic, he served as President of the

National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the rep ...

until 1954. An historian by occupation, Herriot was elected to the

Académie Française An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, secondary or tertiary education, tertiary higher education, higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membershi ...

's eighth seat in 1946.

Life

Hérriot was born at

Troyes Troyes () is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in the Grand Est region of north-central France. It is located on the Seine river about south-east of Paris. Troyes is situated within the Champagne wine region and is near to ...

, France on 5 July 1872. He served as

Mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of t ...

from 1905 until his death, except for a brief period from 1940 to 1945, when he was exiled to Germany for opposing the Vichy regime. As mayor, Herriot improved relations between municipal government and local unions, increased public assistance funds, and began an urban renewal programme, amongst other measures. He died in

on 26 March 1957. He is buried at the

Loyasse Cemetery Loyasse Cemetery (french: Cimetière de Loyasse) is a cemetery in the city of Lyon, France. The cemetery is located on the Fourvière hill in the western part of the city, not far away from the Metallic tower of Fourvière and Notre-Dame de Fou ...

Herriot's First Ministry, 14 June 1924 – 17 April 1925

*Édouard Herriot - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs *

Charles Nollet Charles Marie Edouard Nollet was a French general and government minister, chairman of the Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control from 1919 to 1924, and Minister of War 1924–1925. Nollet was born 29 January 1865 at Marseille and died in ...

- Minister of War * Camille Chautemps - Minister of the Interior *

Étienne Clémentel Étienne Clémentel (11 January 1864 – 25 December 1936) was a French politician. He served as a member of the National Assembly of France from 1900 to 1919 and as French Senator from 1920 to 1936. He also served as Minister of Colonies from 2 ...

- Minister of Finance *

Justin Godart Justin Godart (26 November 1871 – 12 December 1956) was a French lawyer and politician who served as the Minister for Health from 3 June 1932 to 18 December 1932.René Renoult René Renoult (29 August 1867 in Paris – 30 April 1946 in Paris) was a French Minister and lawyer.Jacques-Louis Dumesnil Jacques-Louis Dumesnil (15 March 1882, in Paris – 15 June 1956, in Paris) was a French politician. He served as Minister of Air (France), Minister of Air from 1931 to 1932. Life From an old Seine-et-Marne family, he initially worked as a jou ...

- Minister of Marine * François Albert - Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts * Édouard Amédée Bovier-Lapierre - Minister of Pensions * Henri Queuille - Minister of Agriculture *

Édouard Daladier Édouard Daladier (; 18 June 1884 – 10 October 1970) was a French Radical-Socialist (centre-left) politician, and the Prime Minister of France who signed the Munich Agreement before the outbreak of World War II. Daladier was born in Carpe ...

- Minister of Colonies * Victor Peytral - Minister of Public Works * Eugène Raynaldy - Minister of Commerce and Industry * Victor Dalbiez - Minister of Liberated Regions Changes *3 April 1925 -

Anatole de Monzie Anatole de Monzie (22 November 1876, Bazas, Gironde – 11 January 1947, Paris) was a French administrator, encyclopaedist ('' Encyclopédie française''), political figure and scholar. His father was a tax collector in Bazas, Gironde whe ...

succeeds Clémentel as Minister of Finance.

Herriot's Second Ministry, 19–23 July 1926

*Édouard Herriot - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs *

Paul Painlevé Paul Painlevé (; 5 December 1863 – 29 October 1933) was a French mathematician and statesman. He served twice as Prime Minister of the Third Republic: 12 September – 13 November 1917 and 17 April – 22 November 1925. His entry into politic ...

- Minister of War * Camille Chautemps - Minister of the Interior *

- Minister of Finance * Louis Pasquet - Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions * Maurice Colrat - Minister of Justice *

René Renoult René Renoult (29 August 1867 in Paris – 30 April 1946 in Paris) was a French Minister and lawyer.Édouard Daladier Édouard Daladier (; 18 June 1884 – 10 October 1970) was a French Radical-Socialist (centre-left) politician, and the Prime Minister of France who signed the Munich Agreement before the outbreak of World War II. Daladier was born in Carpe ...

- Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts * Georges Bonnet - Minister of Pensions * Henri Queuille - Minister of Agriculture *

Adrien Dariac Adrien is a given name and surname, and the French spelling for the name Adrian. It is also the masculine form of the feminine name Adrienne. It may refer to: People Given name * Adrien Auzout (1622–1691), French astronomer * Adrien Baillet ...

- Minister of Colonies * Orly André-Hesse - Minister of Public Works *

Louis Loucheur Louis Loucheur (12 August 1872 in Roubaix, Nord – 22 November 1931 in Paris) was a French politician in the Third Republic, at first a member of the conservative Republican Federation, then of the Democratic Republican Alliance and of the I ...

- Minister of Commerce and Industry

Herriot's Third Ministry, 3 June – 18 December 1932

*Édouard Herriot - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs * Joseph Paul-Boncour - Minister of War * Camille Chautemps - Minister of the Interior *

Louis Germain-Martin Louis Germain-Martin (7 November 1872, Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loire – 4 October 1948, Paris) was an Independent Radical French politician. He was Minister of Post and Telecommunications in the government of André Tardieu André Pierre Gabriel ...

- Minister of Finance *

Maurice Palmade Maurice Palmade (6 October 1886, Rochefort, Charente-Maritime – 3 January 1955, Bordeaux) was a French politician. He belonged to the Radical Party. Before World War II, he had been a Member of Parliament. He has been 3 times the Budget minist ...

- Minister of Budget * Albert Dalimier - Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions *

René Renoult René Renoult (29 August 1867 in Paris – 30 April 1946 in Paris) was a French Minister and lawyer.Georges Leygues - Minister of Marine * Léon Meyer - Minister of Merchant Marine *

- Minister of Air *

- Minister of National Education * Aimé Berthod - Minister of Pensions *

Abel Gardey Abel Gardey (21 November 1882, Margouët-Meymes, Gers – 23 September 1957, Pouylebon) was a French politician. He served as the Minister of Agriculture in the third Herriot government. In 1933, he was the French Minister of Budget. He later ...

- Minister of Agriculture *

Albert Sarraut Albert-Pierre Sarraut (; 28 July 1872 – 26 November 1962) was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic. Biography Sarraut was born on 28 July 1872 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. On 14 March 1907 Sarraut ...

- Minister of Colonies *

- Minister of Public Works *

Justin Godart Justin Godart (26 November 1871 – 12 December 1956) was a French lawyer and politician who served as the Minister for Health from 3 June 1932 to 18 December 1932.Henri Queuille - Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones * Julien Durand - Minister of Commerce and Industry

Denial of the Holodomor

The height of denial of the Holodomor was reached during a visit to Ukraine carried out between 26 August and 9 September 1933 by Herriot, who had recently left the French Prime Ministry. Herriot denied accounts of the famine and said that Soviet Ukraine was "like a garden in full bloom".Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski,

Stéphane Courtois Stéphane Courtois (born 25 November 1947) is a French historian and university professor, a director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), professor at the Catholic Institute of Higher Studies (ICES) in La Ro ...

, ''The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression'',

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retirem ...

, 1999, , pages 159–160 Furthermore, he announced to the press that there was no famine in Ukraine, that he did not see any trace of hunger, and that the allegations of starving millions were being spread by adversaries of the Soviet Union. "When one believes that the Ukraine is devastated by famine, allow me to shrug my shoulders", he declared. The 13 September 1933 issue of ''

Pravda ''Pravda'' ( rus, Правда, p=ˈpravdə, a=Ru-правда.ogg, "Truth") is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, and was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most influential papers in the co ...

'' was able to write that Herriot "categorically contradicted the lies of the bourgeoisie press in connection with a famine in the USSR."

Political career

Governmental functions Président of the Council of Ministers : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932. Minister of Transport, Public Works and Supply : 1916–1917. Minister of Education and Fine Arts : 1926–1928. Minister of Foreign Affairs : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932. Minister of State : 1934–1936. Electoral mandates ''National Assembly of France'' President of the National Assembly of France : 1947–1954. Member of the National Assembly of France for

Rhône (department) Rhône (; frp, Rôno) is a department of east-central France, in the central-southeastern Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Named after the river Rhône, its prefecture is Lyon. Its sole subprefecture is Villefranche-sur-Saône. In 2019, it had ...

: 1946–1957 (He died in 1957). Elected in 1946, reelected in 1951, 1956. ''Constitutional Assembly'' Member of the Constitutional Assembly for

: 1945–1946. Elected in 1945, reelected in June 1946. ''Chamber of Deputies of France'' President of the Chamber of Deputies of France : 1925–1926 / 1936–1940. Member of the

Chamber of Deputies of France Chamber of Deputies (french: Chambre des députés) was a parliamentary body in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: * 1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of ...

for

: 1919–1942 (Dissolution of Parliament by

Philippe Petain Philippe is a masculine sometimes feminin given name, cognate to Philip. It may refer to: * Philippe of Belgium (born 1960), King of the Belgians (2013–present) * Philippe (footballer) (born 2000), Brazilian footballer * Prince Philippe, Count ...

in 1942). Elected in 1919, reelected in 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936. ''Senate of France'' Senator of

Rhône The Rhône ( , ; wae, Rotten ; frp, Rôno ; oc, Ròse ) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea. At Ar ...

: 1912–1919. Elected in 1911. ''General council'' General councillor of

: 1945–1951. ''

Municipal Council A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, rural counci ...

: 1905–1940 (Deposition by

Vichy regime Vichy France (french: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was the fascist French state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Officially independent, but with half of its ter ...

in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953. Municipal councillor of

: 1904–1940 (Deposition by the Vichy regime in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953. Political functions President of the

Radical Party (France) The Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party (french: Parti républicain, radical et radical-socialiste) is a liberal and formerly social-liberal political party in France. It is also often referred to simply as the Radical Party (frenc ...

: 1919–1926 / 1931–1936 / 1948–1953 / 1955–1957.

Legacy

Herriot was declared an honorary citizen of the city of

Veliki Bečkerek Zrenjanin ( sr-Cyrl, Зрењанин, ; hu, Nagybecskerek; ro, Becicherecu Mare; sk, Zreňanin; german: Großbetschkerek) is a city and the administrative center of the Central Banat District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbi ...

(today

Zrenjanin Zrenjanin ( sr-Cyrl, Зрењанин, ; hu, Nagybecskerek; ro, Becicherecu Mare; sk, Zreňanin; german: Großbetschkerek) is a city and the administrative center of the Central Banat District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbi ...

) in 1933. There is also a street with his name in Zrenjanin. His visit to a church in

Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

, where a fake religious service was organized for the occasion, is described in "The Mechanical Lions", one of the stories in ''

A Tomb for Boris Davidovich ''A Tomb for Boris Davidovich'' (Serbo-Croatian language, Serbo-Croatian: ''Grobnica za Borisa Davidoviča / Гробница за Бориса Давидовича'') is a collection of seven short stories by Danilo Kiš written in 1976 (transla ...

'' by

Danilo Kiš Danilo Kiš (; born Dániel Kiss; 22 February 1935 – 15 October 1989) was a Yugoslav novelist, short story writer, essayist and translator. His best known works include ''Hourglass'', ''A Tomb for Boris Davidovich'' and '' The Encyclopedia of ...

Notes

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Herriot, Edouard 1872 births 1957 deaths People from Troyes Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Radical Party (France) politicians Prime Ministers of France Transport ministers of France Government ministers of France French Senators of the Third Republic Senators of Rhône (department) Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (France) Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 13th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 15th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 16th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1945) Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946) Presidents of the National Assembly (France) Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic Mayors of Lyon Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni École Normale Supérieure alumni Members of the Académie Française Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland) Holodomor deniers